జీర్ణకోశ & జీర్ణ వ్యవస్థ

నైరూప్య

Interesting Trends In Incidence and Mortality Rates of Colorectal Cancer in the United States of America

James JL Mateka, Michael M Haniff, Randy S Bainey and Claude B Iliou

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is ranked as one of the top three leading causes of cancer deaths according to the American Cancer Society. Colorectal Cancer is defined as cancer affecting the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon and finally the rectum. The types of cancers in the colon and rectum consist of adeno carcinomas, carcinoid tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lymphomas and sarcomas.
Materials and methods: Incidence and Mortality rates were obtained from the cancer query system of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from the year 2000-2009. Data was placed into 4 categories according to age and analyzed by ethnicity and gender. All datasets were placed into an Excel spreadsheet for proper manipulation. Statistical significance was found based on the averages and calculated using the CHITEST function to test for independence, which returns the value from the chi-squared (χ2) distribution for the statistic and the appropriate degrees of freedom. The level of significance of <0.05 was used for all analyses.
Results: The information obtained from the SEER database returned 40 different queries, organized by ethnicity, race and gender. The following findings were noted: Black males have an overall incidence rate of 66.9 per 100,000 and Black females have an overall incidence of 66.3 per 100,000. White males have an overall incidence of 53.1 per 100,000 and White females of 39.2. Asian males have an overall incidence of 44.9 and Asian females 34.2. Indian males have an overall incidence of 45.2 and Indian females 38.0. Hispanic males have an overall incidence of 45.2 and Hispanic females 31.5. Black males have an overall mortality of 29.8, while Black females have an overall mortality of 19.8. White male mortality appears to be 19.5 and White females 13.6. The Asian male mortality rate is 13.1 and Asian females are 9.6. The Indian male population shows a mortality rate of 18.8 and females 14.6. Finally, hispanic males at 15.3 and hispanic females 10.2.
Conclusion: Colorectal Cancer continues to be a growing concern among physicians. Our data once again proves the black population is at overall highest risk of colorectal cancer, while Hispanics appear to be at lowest risk. This trend carries over into the mortality rate discussion as the black population was shown to have the highest mortality rate and Asians appear to have the lowest mortality rate. Updated screening inclusions may be needed.