ఇంటర్నేషనల్ జర్నల్ ఆఫ్ రీసెర్చ్ అండ్ డెవలప్‌మెంట్ ఇన్ ఫార్మసీ & లైఫ్ సైన్సెస్

నైరూప్య

CYTOKINES IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Seema Singh, S K Verma, Santosh Kumar, Suryakant, Sandeep K Singh, Rishikesh Gupta

COPD is a complex disease with multiple pathological components, which we unfortunately tend to ignore when spirometry is used as the only method to evaluate the disorder. Additional measures are needed to allow a more complete and clinically relevant assessment of COPD. The earliest potential risk factors of disease in COPD are variations in the genetic background. Genetic variations are present from conception and can determine lifelong changes in enzyme activities and protein concentrations. In contrast, measurements in blood, sputum, exhaled breath, broncho-alveolar lavage, and lung biopsies may vary substantially over time. The identification of inflammatory mediators and understanding their interactions is important for the development of anti-inflammatory treatments for this important disease. Chronic lung inflammation appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD, and markers of this process have promising predictive value in COPD. To implement markers for COPD in clinical practice, besides those already established for the α 1-antitrypsin gene, further research and validation studies
are needed. This review explores potential markers of early disease and prognosis in COPD by examining genetic markers in the α 1-antitrypsin, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and MBL-2 genes, and by examining the biochemical markers fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP), which correlate with degree of pulmonary inflammation during stable conditions of COPD.