జీర్ణకోశ & జీర్ణ వ్యవస్థ

నైరూప్య

Carcinoma of Gallbladder

Vinod Kumar Dixit and Abhilash Velimparampil Babu

Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract, accounting for 80%−95% of biliary tract cancers. An early diagnosis is essential as this malignancy progresses silently often proving fatal. This comprehensive review focuses on and explores the epidemiologic aspects including risk factors, clinical presentation, imaging studies, management, and outcomes for primary gallbladder carcinoma. Epidemiological studies have identified striking geographic and ethnic disparities. Age, female sex, congenital biliary tract anomalies, and a genetic predisposition represent important immutable risk factors. Environmental triggers play a critical role in gallbladder cancer development, best exemplified by cholelithiasis and chronic inflammation from biliary tract infections. Mortality rates closely follow incidence; those countries with the highest prevalence of gallstones experience the greatest mortality from gallbladder cancer.